TCP/IP网络互连第1卷:原理/协议和体系结构(第四版 英文版) PDF下载

Chapter 1　Introduction And Overview　1
1.1　The Motivation For Internetworking　1
1.2　The TCP/IP Internet　2
1.3　Internet Services　3
1.4　History And Scope Of The Internet　6
1.5　The Internet Architecture Board　8
1.6　The IAB Reorganization　9
1.7　The Internet Society　11
1.8　Internet Request For Comments　11
1.9　Internet Protocols And Standardization　12
1.10　Future Growth And Technology　12
1.11　Organization Of The Text　13
1.12　Summary　14

Chapter2　Review Of Underlying Network Technologies　17
2.1　Introduction　17
2.2　Two Approaches To Network Communication　18
2.3　Wide Area And Local Area Networks　19
2.4　Ethernet Technology　20
2.5　Fiber Distributed Data Interconnect(FDDI)　33
2.6　Asynchronous Transfer Mode　37
2.7　WAN Technologies：ARPANET　38
2.8　National Science Foundation Networking　40
2.9　ANSNET　44
2.10　A Very High Speed Backbone(vBNS)　45
2.11　Other Technologies Over Which TCP/IP Has Been Used　46
2.12　Summary And Conclusion　50

Chapter 3　Internetworking Concept And Architectural Model　53
3.1　Introduction　53
3.2　Application-Level Interconnection　53
3.3　Network-Level Interconnection　54
3.4　Properties Of The Internet　55
3.5　Internet Architecture　56
3.6　Interconnection Through IP Routers　56
3.7　The Users View　58
3.9　The Unanswered Questions　59
3.10　Summary　60

Chapter 4　Classful Internet Addresses　63
4.1　Introduction　63
4.2　Universal Identifiers　63
4.3　The Original Classful Addressing Scheme　64
4.4　Addresses Specify Network Connections　65
4.5　Network And Directed Broadcast Addresses　65
4.6　Limited Broadcast　66
4.7　Interpreting Zero To Mean “This”　67
4.8　Subnet And Supernet Extensions　67
4.9　IP Multicast Addresses　68
4.10　Weaknesses In Internet Addressing　68
4.11　Dotted Decimal Notation　69
4.12　Loopback Address　70
4.13　Summary Of Special Address Conventions　70
4.14　Internet Addressing Authority　71
4.15　Reserved Address Prefixes　72
4.16　An Example　72
4.17　Network Bye Order　74
4.18　Summary　75

Chapter 5　Mapping Internet Addresses To Physical Addresses(ARP)　77
5.1　Introduction　77
5.2　The Address Resolution Problem　77
5.3　Two Types Of Physical Addresses　78
5.4　Resolution Through Direct Mapping　78
5.5　The Address Resolution Cache　80
5.6　The Address Resolution Cache　80
5.7　ARP Cache Timeout　81
5.8　ARP Refinements　82
5.9　Relationship Of ARP To Other Protocols　82
5.10　ARP Encapsulation And Identification　84
5.12　ARP Protocol Format　84
5.13　 Summary　86

Chapter 6　Determining An Internet Address At Startup(RARP)　89
6.1　Introduction　89
6.2　Reverse Address Resolution Protocol(RARP)　90
6.3　Timing RARP Transactions　92
6.4　Primary And Backup RARP Servers　92
6.5　Summary　93

Chapter 7　Internet Protocol：Connectionless Datagram Delivery　95
7.1　Introduction　95
7.2　A Virtual Network　95
7.3　Internet Architecture And Philosophy　96
7.4　The Conceptual Service Organization　96
7.5　Connectionless Delivery System　97
7.6　Purpose Of The Internet Protocol　97
7.7　The Internet Datagram　97
7.8　Internet Datagram Options　107
7.9　Summary　113

Chapter 8　Internet Protocol：Routing IP Datagrams　115
8.1　Introduction　115
8.2　Routing In An Internet　115
8.3　Direct And Indirect Delivery　117
8.4　Table-Driven IP Routing　119
8.5　Next-Hop Routing　119
8.6　Default Routes　121
8.7　Host-Specific Routes　121
8.8　The IP Routing Algorithm　121
8.9　Routing With IP Addresses　122
8.10　Handling Incoming Datagrams　124
8.11　Establishing Routing Tables　125
8.12　Summary　125

Chapter 9　Internet Protocol：Error And Control Messages(ICMP)　129
9.1　Introduction　129
9.2　The Internet Control Message Protocol　129
9.3　Error Reporting vs. Error Correction　130
9.4　ICMP Message Delivery　131
9.5　ICMP Message Format　132
9.6　Testing Destination Reachability And Status(Ping)　133
9.7　Echo Request And Reply Message Format　134
9.8　Reports Of Unreachable Destinations　134
9.9　Congestion And Datagram Flow Control　136
9.10　Source Quench Format　136
9.11　Route Change Requests From Routers　137
9.12　Detecting Circular Or Excessively Long Routes　139
9.13　Reporting Other Problems　140
9.14　Clock Synchronization And Transit Time Estimation　140
9.15　Information Request And Reply Messages　142
9.16　Obtaining A Subnet Mask　142
9.17　Router Discovery　143
9.18　Router Solicitation　144
9.19　Summary　145

Chapter 10　Classless And Subnet Address Extensions(CIDR)　147
10.1　Introduction　147
10.2　Review Of Relevant Facts　147
10.3　Minimizing Network Numbers　148
10.4　Transparent Routers　149
10.5　Proxy ARP　150
10.6　Subnet Addressing　152
10.7　Flexibility In Subnet Address Assignment　154
10.8　Variable-Length Subnets　155
10.9　Implementation Of Subnets With Masks　156
10.10　Subnet Mask Representation　157
10.11　Routing In The Presence Of Subnets　158
10.12　The Subnet Routing Algorithm　159
10.13　A Unified Routing Algorithm　160
10.14　Maintenance Of Subnet Masks　161
10.15　Broadcasting To Subnets　161
10.16　Anonymous Point-To-Point Networks　162
10.17　Classless Addressing(Supernetting)　164
10.18　The Effect Of Supernetting On Routing　165
10.19　CIDR Address Blocks And Bit Masks　165
10.20　Address Blocks And CIDR Notation　166
10.21　A Classless Addressing Example　167
10.22　Data Structures And Algorithms For Classless Lookup　167
10.23　Longest-Match Routing And Mixtures Of Route Types　170
10.24　CIDR Blocks Reserved For Private Networks　172
10.25　Summary　173

Chapter 11　Protocol Layering　177
11.1　Introduction　177
11.2　The Need For Multiple Protocols　177
11.3　The Conceptual Layers Of Protocol Software　178
11.4　Functionality Of The Layers　181
11.5　X.25 And Its Relation To The ISO Model　182
11.6　Differences Between ISO And Internet Layering　185
11.7　The Protocol Layering Principle　187
11.8　Layering In The Presence Of Network Substructure　189
11.9　Two Important Boundaries In The TCP/IP Model　191
11.10　The Disadvantage Of Layering　192
11.11　The Basic Idea Behind Multiplexing And Demultiplexing　192
11.12　Summary　194

Chapter 12　User Datagram Protocol(UDP)　197
12.1　Introduction　197
12.2　Identifying The Ultimate Destination　197
12.3　The User Datagram Protocol　198
12.4　Format Of UDP Messages　199
12.5　UDP Pseudo-Header　200
12.6　UDP Encapsulation And Protocol Layering　201
12.7　Layering And The UDP Checksum Computation　203
12.8　UDP Multiplexing，Demultiplexing，And Ports　203
12.9　Reserved And Available UDP Port Numbers　204
12.10　Summary　206

Chapter 13　Reliable Stream Transport Service(TCP)　209
13.1　Introduction　209
13.2　The Need For Stream Delivery　209
13.3　Properties Of The Reliable Delivery Service　210
13.4　Providing Reliability　211
13.5　The Idea Behind Sliding Windows　213
13.6　The Transmission Control Protocol　215
13.7　Ports，Connections，And Endpoints　216
13.8　Passive And Active Opens　218
13.9　Segments，Streams，And Sequence Numbers　219
13.10　Variable Window Size And Flow Control　220
13.11　TCP Segment Format　221
13.12　Out Of Band Data　222
13.13　Maximum Segment Size Option　223
13.14　TCP Checksum Computation　224
13.15　Acknowledgements And Retransmission　225
13.16　Timeout And Retransmission　226
13.17　Accurate Measurement Of Round Trip Samples　228
13.18　Karns Algorithm And Timer Backoff　229
13.19　Responding To High Variance In Delay　230
13.20　Response To Congestion　232
13.21　Congestion，Tail Drop，And TCP　234
13.22　Random Early Discard(RED)　235
13.23　Establishing A TCP Connection　237
13.24　Initial Sequence Numbers　239
13.25　Closing a TCP Connection　239
13.26　TCP Connection Reset　241
13.27　TCP State Machine　241
13.28　Forcing Data Delivery　243
13.29　Reserved TCP Port Numbers　243
13.30　TCP Performance　243
13.31　Silly Window Syndrome And Small Packets　245
13.32　Avoiding Silly Window Syndrome　246
13.33　Summary　249

Chapter 14　Routing：Cores，Peers，And Algorithms　253
14.1　Introduction　253
14.2　The Origin Of Routing Tables　254
14.3　Routing With Partial Information 255
14.4　Original Internet Architecture And Cores　256
14.5　Core Routers　257
14.6　Beyond The Core Architecture To Peer Backbones　260
14.7　Automatic Route Propagation　262
14.8　Distance Vector (Bellman-Ford)Routing　262
14.9　Gateway-To-Gateway Protocol(GGP)　264
14.10　Distance Factoring　265
14.11　Reliability And Routing Protocols　265
14.12　Link-State(SPE)Routing　266
14.13　Summary　267

Chapter 15　Routing：Exterior Gateway Protocols And Autonomous　269
Systems(BGP)
15.1　Introduction　269
15.2　Adding Complexity To The Architectural Model　269
15.3　Determining A Practical Limit On Group Size　270
15.4　A Fundamental Idea：Extra Hops　271
15.5　Hidden Networks　273
15.6　Autonomous System Concept　274
15.7　From A Core To Independent Autonomous Systems　275
15.8　An Exterior Gateway Protocol　276
15.9　BGP Characteristics　277
15.10　BGP Functionality And Message Types　278
15.11　BGP Message Header　278
15.12　BGP OPEN Message　279
15.13　BGP UPDATE Message　280
15.14　Compressed Mask-Address Pairs　281
15.15　BGP Path Attributes　282
15.16　BGP KEEPALIVE Message　283
15.17　Information From The Receivers Perspective　284
15.18　The Key Restriction Of Exterior Gateway Protocols　285
15.19　The Internet Routing Arbiter System　287
15.20　BGP NOTIFICATION Message　288
15.21　Decentralization Of Internet Architecture　289
15.22　Summary　290

Chapter 16　Routing：In An Autonomous System(RIP,OSPF,HELLO)　293
16.1　Introduction　293
16.2　Static Vs. Dynamic Interior Routes　293
16.3　Routing Information Protocol(RIP)　296
16.4　The Hello Protocol　305
16.5　Delay Metrics And Oscillation　305
16.6　Combining RIP，Hello，And BGP　307
16.7　Inter-Autonomous System Routing　307
16.8　Gated：Inter-Autonomous System Communication　308
16.9　The Open SPF Protocol(OSPF)　308
16.10　Routing With Partial Information　315
16.11　Summary　315

Chapter 17　Internet Multicasting　319
17.1　Introduction　319
17.2　Hardware Broadcast　319
17.3　Hardware Origins Of Multicast　320
17.4　Ethernet Multicast　321
17.5　IP Multicast　321
17.6　The Conceptual Pieces　322
17.7　IP Multicast Addresses　323
17.8　Multicast Address Semantics　325
17.9　Mapping IP Multicast To Ethernet Multicast　325
17.10　Hosts And Multicast Delivery　326
17.11　Multicast Scope　326
17.12　Extending Host Software To Handle Multicasting　327
17.13　Internet Group Management Protocol　328
17.14　IGMP Implementation　328
17.15　Group Membership State Transitions　329
17.16　IGMP Message Format　331
17.17　Multicast Forwarding And Routing Information　332
17.18　Basic Multicast Routing Paradigms　334
17.19　Consequences Of TRPF　335
17.20　Multicast Trees　337
17.21　The Essence Of Multicast Routing　338
17.22　Reverse Path Multicasting　338
17.23　Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol　339
17.24　The Mrouted Program　340
17.25　Alternative Protocols　343
17.26　Core Based Trees(CBT)　343
17.27　Protocol Independent Multicast(PIM)　344
17.28　Multicast Extensions To OSPF(MOSPF)　347
17.29　Reliable Multicast And ACK Implosions　347
17.30　Summary　349

Chapter 18　TCP/IP Over ATM Networks　353
18.1　Introduction　353
18.2　ATM Hardware　354
18.3　Large ATM Networks　354
18.4　The Logical View Of An ATM Network　355
18.5　The Two Connection Paradigms　356
18.6　Paths，Circuits，And Identifiers　357
18.7　ATM Cell Transport　358
18.8　ATM Adaptaion Layers　358
18.9　ATM Adaptation Layer 5　360
18.10　AAL5 Convergence，Segmentation，And Reassembly　361
18.11　Datagram Encapsulation And IP MTU Size　361
18.12　Packet Type And Multiplexing　362
18.13　IP Address Binding In An ATM Network　363
18.14　Logical IP Subnet Concept　364
18.15　Connection Management　365
18.16　Address Binding Within An LIS　366
18.17　ATMARP Packet Format　366
18.18　Using ATMARP packets To Determine An Address　369
18.19　Obtaining Entries For A Server Database　370
18.20　Timing Out ATMARP Information In A Server　370
18.21　Timing Out ATMARP Information In A Host Or Router　371
18.22　IP Switching Technologies　371
18.23　Switch Operation　372
18.24　Optimized IP Forwarding　372
18.25　Classification，Flows，And Higher Layer Switching　373
18.26　Applicability Of Switching Technology　374
18.27　Summary　374

Chapter 19　Mobile IP　377
19.1　Introduction　377
19.2　Mobility，Routing，and Addressing　377
19.3　Mobile IP Characteristics　378
19.4　Overview Of Mobile IP Operation　378
19.5　Mobile Addressing Details　379
19.6　Foreign Agent Discovery　380
19.7　Agent Registration　381
19.8　Registration Message Format　381
19.9　Communication With A Foreign Agent　383
19.10　Datagram Transmission And Reception　383
19.11　The Two-Crossing Problem　384
19.12　Communication With Computers On the Home Network　385
19.13　Summary　386

Chapter 20　Private Network Interconnection(NAT,VPA)　389
20.1　Introduction　389
20.2　Private And Hybrid Networks　389
20.3　A Virtual Private Network(VPN)　390
20.4　VPN Addressing And Routing　392
20.5　AVPN With Private Addresses　393
20.6　Network Address Translation(NAT)　394
20.7　NAT Translation Table Creation　395
20.8　Multi-Address NAT　396
20.9　Port-Mapped NAT　396
20.10　Interaction Between NAT And ICMP　398
20.11　Interaction Between NAT And Applications　398
20.12　Conceptual Address Domains　399
20.13　Slirp And Masquerade　399
20.14　Summary　400

Chapter 21　Client-Server Model Of Interaction　403
21.1　Introduction　403
21.2　The Client-Server Model　403
21.3　A Simple Example：UDP Echo Server　404
21.4　Time And Date Service　406
21.5　The Complexity of Servers　407
21.6　RARP Server　408
21.7　Alternatives To The Client-Server Model　409
21.8　Summary　410

Chapter 22　The Socket Interface　413
22.1　Introduction　413
22.2　The UNIX I/O Paradigm And Network I/O　414
22.3　Adding Network I/O to UNIX　414
22.4　The Socket Abstraction　415
22.5　Creating A Socket　415
22.6　Socket Inheritance And Termination　416
22.7　Specifying A Local Address　417
22.8　Connecting Sockets To Destination Addresses　418
22.9　Sending Data Through A Socket　421
22.10　Receiving Data Through A Socket Addresses　422
22.11　Obtaining Local And Remote Socket Addresses　422
22.12　Obtaining And Setting Socket Options　423
22.13　Specifying A Queue Length For A Server　424
22.14　How A Server Accepts　Connections　424
22.15　Servers That Handle Multiple Services　425
22.16　Obtaining And Setting Host Names　426
22.17　Obtaining And Setting The Internal Host Domain　427
22.18　Socket Library Calls　427
22.19　Network Byte Order Conversion Routines　428
22.20　IP Address Manipulation Routines　428
22.21　Accessing The Domain Name System　431
22.22　Obtaining Information About Hosts　432
22.23　Obtaining Information About Networks　433
22.24　Obtaining Information About Protocols　434
22.25　Obtaining Information About Network Services　434
22.26　An Example Client　435
22.27　An Example Server　437
22.28　Summary　440

Chapter 23　Bootstrap And Autoconfiguration(NOOTP,DHCP)　443
23.1　Introduction　443
23.2　The Need An Alternative To RARP　444
23.3　Using IP To Determine An IP Address　444
23.4　The BOOTP Retransmission Policy　445
23.5　The BOOTP Message Format　446
23.6　The Two-Step Bootstrap Procedure　447
23.7　Vendor-Specific Field　448
23.8　The Need For Dynamic Configuration　448
23.9　Dynamic Host Configuration　450
23.10　Dynamic IP Address Assignment　450
23.11　Obtaining Multiple Addresses　451
23.12　Address Acquisition States　452
23.14　Lease Renewal States　454
23.15　DHCP Message Format　455
23.16　DHCP Options And Message Type　456
23.17　Option Overload　457
23.18　DHCP And Domain Names　457
23.19　Summary　458

Chapter 24　The Domain Name System(DNS)　461
24.1　Introduction　461
24.2　Names For Machines　462
24.4　Hierarchical Names　463
24.5　Delegation Of Authority For Names　464
24.6　Subset Authority　464
24.7　Internet Domain Names　465
24.8　Official And Unofficial Internet Domain Names　466
24.9　Named Items And Syntax Of Names　468
24.10　Mapping Domain Names To Addresses　469
24.11　Domain Name Resolution　471
24.12　Efficient Translation　472
24.13　Caching：The Key To Efficiency　473
24.14　Domain Server Message Format　474
24.15　Compressed Name Format　477
24.16　Abbreviation Of Domain Names　477
24.17　Inverse Mappings　478
24.18　Pointer Queries　479
24.19　Object Types And Resource Record Contents　479
24.20　Obtaining Authority For A Subdomain　480
24.21　Summary　481

Chapter 25　Applications：Remote Login(TELNET，Rlogin)　485
25.1　Introduction　485
25.2　Remote Interactive Computing　485
25.3　TELNET Protocol　486
25.4　Accommodating Heterogeneity　488
25.5　Passing Commands That Control The Remote Side　490
25.6　Forcing The Server To Read A Control Function　492
25.7　TELNET Options　492
25.8　TELNET Option Negotiation　493
25.9　Rlogin(BSD UNIX)　494
25.10 Summary　495

Chapter 26　Applications：File Transfer And Access(FTP，TFTP，NFS)　497
26.1　Introduction　497
26.2　File Access And Transfer　497
26.3　On-line Shared Access　498
26.4　Sharing By File Transfer　499
26.5　FTP：The Major TCP/IP File Transfer Protocol　499
26.6　FTP Features　500
26.7　FTP Process Model　500
26.8　TCP Port Number Assignment　502
26.9　The Users View Of FTP　502
26.10　An Example Anonymous FTP Session　504
26.11　TFTP　505
26.12　NFS　507
26.13　NFS Implementation　507
26.14　Remote Procedure Call(RPC)　508
26.15　Summary　509

Chapter 27　Applications：Electronic Mail(SMTP，POP，IMAP，MIME)　511
27.1　Introduction　511
27.2　Electronic Mail　511
27.3　Mailbox Names And Aliases　513
27.4　Alias Expansion And Mail Forwarding　513
27.5　The Relationship Of Internetworking And Mail　514
27.6　TCP?IP Standards For Electronic Mail Service　516
27.7　Electronic Mail Addresses　516
27.8　Pseudo Domain Addresses　518
27.9　Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP)　518
27.10　Mail Retrieval And Mailbox Manipulation Protocols　521
27.11　The MIME Extension for Non-ASCII Data　522
27.12　MIME Multipart Messages　523
27.13　Summary　524

Chapter 28　Applications :World Wide Web(HTTP)　527
28.1　Introduction　527
28.2　Importance Of The Web　527
28.3　Architectural Components　528
28.4　Uniform Resource Locators　528
28.5　An Example Document　529
28.6　Hypertext Transfer Protocol　530
28.7　HTTP GET Request　530
28.8　Error Messages　531
28.9　Persistent Connections And Lengths　532
28.10　Data Length And Program Output　532
28.11　Length Encoding And Headers　533
28.12　Negotiation　534
28.13　Conditional Requests　535
28.14　Support For Proxy Servers　535
28.15　Caching 536
28.16　Summary　537

Chapter 29　Applications :Voice And Video Over IP(RTP)　539
29.1　Introduction　539
29.2　Audio Clips And Encoding Standards　539
29.3　Audio And Video Transmission And Reproduction　540
29.4　Jitter And Playback Delay　541
29.5　Real-Time Transport Protocol(RTP)　542
29.6　Streams，Mixing，And Multicasting　543
29.7　RTP Encapsulation　544
29.8　RTP Control Protocol(RTCP)　544
29.9　RTCP Operation　545
29.10　IP Telephony And Signaling　546
29.11　Resource Reservation And Quality Of Service　548
29.12　QoS，Utilization，And Capacity　549
29.13　RSVP　549
29.14　COPS　550
29.15　Summary　551

Chapter 30　Applications :Internet Management(SNMP)　553
30.1　Introduction　553
30.2　The Level Of Management Protocols　553
30.3　Architectural Model　554
30.4　Protocol Framework　556
30.5　Examples of MIB Variables　557
30.6　The Structure Of Management Information　558
30.7　Formal Definitions Using ASN.1　559
30.8　Structure And Representation Of MIB Object Names　559
30.9　Simple Network Management Protocol　564
30.10　SNMP Message Format　566
30.11　Example Encoded SNMP Message　569
30.12　New Features In SNMPv3　572
30.13　Summary　572

Chapter 31　Summary Of Protocol Dependencies　575
31.1　Introduction 575
31.2　Protocol Dependencies　575
31.3　The Hourglass Model　577
31.4　Application Program Access　578
31.5　Summary　579

Chapter 32　Internet Security And Firewall Design(Ipsec)　581
32.1　Introduction　581
32.2　Protecting Resources　582
32.3　Information Policy　583
32.4　Internet Security　583
32.5　IP Security(IPsec)　584
32.6　IPsec Authentication Header　584
32.7　Security Association　585
32.8　IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload　586
32.9　Authentication And Mutable Header Fields　587
32.10　IPsec Tunneling　588
32.11　Required Security Algorithms　588
32.12　Secure Sockets　589
32.13　Firewalls And Internet Access　589
32.14　Multiple Connections And Weakest Links　589
32.15　Firewall Implementation　590
32.16　Packet-Level Filters　590
32.17　Security And Packet Filter Specification　591
32.18　The Consequence Of Restricted Access For Clients　592
32.19　Proxy Access Through A Firewall　592
32.20　The Details Of Firewall Architecture　593
32.21　Stub Network　594
32.22　An Alternative Firewall Implementation　595
32.23　Monitoring And Logging　596
32.24　Summary　596

Chapter 33　The Future Of TCP/IP(Ipv6)　599
33.1　Introduction　599
33.2　Why Change?　600
33.3　New Policies　600
33.4　Motivation For Changing Ipv4　600
33.5　The Road To A New Version Of IP　601
33.6　The Name Of The Next IP　602
33.7　Features Of Ipv6　602
33.8　General Form Of An Ipv6 Datagram　603
33.9　Ipv6　Base Header Format　603
33.10　Ipv6 Extension Headers　605
33.11　Parsing An Ipv6 Datagram　606
33.12　Ipv6　Fragmentation And Reassembly　607
33.13　The Consequence Of End-To-End Fragmentation　607
33.14　Ipv6 Source Routing　608
33.15　Ipv6 Options　609
33.16　Size Of The Ipv6 Address Space　610
33.17　Ipv6 Colon Hexadecimal Notation　610
33.18　Three Basic IPv6 Address Types　612
33.19　The Duality Of Broadcast And Multicast　612
33.20　An Engineering Choice And Simulated Broadcast　613
33.21　Proposed Ipv6 Address Space Assignment　613
33.22　Embedded Ipv4 Addresses And Transition　614
33.23　Unspecified And Loopback Addresses　616
33.24　Unicast Address Hierarchy　616
33.25　Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Structure　617
33.26　Interface Identifiers　618
33.27　Additional Hierarchy　619
33.28　Local Addresses　619
33.29　Autoconfiguration And Renumbering　620
33.30　Summary　620

Appendix 1　A Guide To RFCs　523

Appendix 2　Glossary Of Internetworking Terms And Abbreviations　673

Bibliography　721

Index　729